可调势阱型三稳态压电能量采集器的动力学特性研究

Dynamic characteristics of tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester with tunable potential energy well

  • 摘要: 为了提高三稳态压电能量采集器的动态输出性能和环境适应能力,提出一种势阱深度和势垒高度可实时调节的柔性三稳态压电能量采集器。在传统磁耦合三稳态压电能量采集器的基础上,引入两个结构和尺寸相同的辅助柔性梁,两个外部磁铁分别固定在上述两个辅助柔性梁末端,当采集器受到外部环境激励时,两个辅助梁在水平方向产生微幅振动,从而实时调节外部磁铁与压电悬臂梁末端磁铁之间的水平间距,达到调节势能阱深度和势垒高度的目的,由此改善三稳态压电能量采集器的动态输出性能和环境适应能力。相较于其他势阱可调型能量采集器,所提柔性结构更加简单、直观。基于欧拉‑伯努利梁理论和广义哈密顿原理建立准确描述该三稳态压电能量采集器动态响应特性的机电耦合动力学模型,利用龙格‑库塔算法仿真分析了柔性梁特性、磁铁间距等参数对采集器非线性磁力和动力学特性的影响,并与经典的三稳态磁耦合压电能量采集器模型进行仿真和试验比较。结果表明:柔性梁微幅振动是产生变势能阱的主要因素;柔性梁刚度使势能阱的深度变浅,使采集器更易进入大幅阱间振动状态;引入柔性梁后该三稳态采集器具有更低的跳转激励加速度和更宽的工作频带。

     

    Abstract: In order to improve the dynamic output performance and environmental adaptability of the tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester (TPEH), a new flexible tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester (FTPEH) with double flexible auxiliary beams for real-time adjusting the potential well depth and barrier height is proposed. Based on the traditional magnetic coupling tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester, two auxiliary flexible beams with the same structure and size are introduced, and the two external magnets are fixed at the tip ends of the two auxiliary flexible beams. When the harvester is excited by the external excitation, the two auxiliary beams oscillate with slight amplitude in the horizontal direction, thus the horizontal distance between the external magnets and the tip magnet of the piezoelectric cantilever beam can be adjusted in real-time, so as to tune the potential energy well depth and barrier height, resulting in improving the dynamic output performance and environmental adaptability. The electromechanical coupling dynamic model describing the dynamic responses of the new tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester is established based on Euler Bernoulli theory and Hamilton principle, and the influences of system parameters on the nonlinear magnetic force and dynamic performance are simulated and analyzed. Compared to the traditional tri-stable harvester, the new tri-stable harvester has a wider bandwidth of inter-well motion and lower excitation for jumping from intra-well motion to inter-well motion.

     

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