一体化传感-作动器设计及其在板腔结构主动减振降噪中的试验研究

Integrated sensor-actuator design and experimental study in active vibration and noise reduction for cavity structure

  • 摘要: 矩形封闭空间内的振动和声辐射控制一直是工程领域面临重要挑战。本文研究提出了一种解决方案,即采用传感⁃作动器控制系统,由扬声器、基座和压电陶瓷传感器组成。这一设计具有轻量化、低固有频率和传感‑作动一体化等优点。然而,一体化传感⁃作动器采用的应变积分控制方案存在稳定性问题。为了克服这些问题,本文采用带通滤波器的控制策略。研究测试了该自制的惯性作动器力学特性,确定了对声学性能影响最大的结构模态,采用带通滤波器的控制策略,有选择地调节这些结构模态。试验结果显示,自制的惯性作动器能够有效地产生惯性力,同时采用带通滤波器能够有效地减少结构振动,尤其是在控制低频段的前两个声腔模态方面表现出显著效果。本文方法能更加灵活地控制封闭空间内的低频噪声,为解决工程环境中的结构噪声问题提供了有效方案。

     

    Abstract: The control of vibration and acoustic radiation in rectangular confined spaces has been an important challenge in engineering. In this study, a solution is proposed with a sensor-actuator control system consisting of a loudspeaker, a base and a piezoelectric ceramic sensor. This design has the advantages of lightweight, low natural frequency and integrated sensing/actuator design. However, the strain-integra control scheme used for the integrated sensor-actuator suffers from stability problems. To overcome these problems, this paper utilizes a control strategy with a band-pass filter. The study tests the mechanical properties of this home-made inertial actuator, and determines the structural modes that have the greatest impact on the acoustic performance. A band-pass filter control strategy is used to selectively modulate these structural modes. The experimental results show that the homemade inertial actuator can effectively generate inertial forces, while the band-pass filter can effectively reduce the structural vibration, especially in controlling the first two acoustic cavity modes in the low-frequency band, which exhibits a significant effect. This approach is more flexible in controlling low-frequency noise in confined spaces and provides an efficient solution to the problem of structural noise in engineering environments.

     

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