Abstract: Under the background of industrial big data and intelligent manufacturing, data-driven intelligent fault diagnosis technology has become a crucial enabling technology. It ensures the safe and reliable operation of high-end equipment, facilitates equipment health management, and supports intelligent operation and maintenance. Existing intelligent fault diagnosis models often fail to simultaneously achieve superior diagnostic accuracy, strong noise immunity, high computational efficiency, and robust hyperparameter performance. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel spectral ensemble sparse representation classification model-driven super-robust intelligent diagnostic method. The proposed method designs a vibration data augmentation strategy based on cascade segmentation operators, aiming to enhance both the quantity and quality of vibration data samples. It utilizes the spectral features of vibration signals for dictionary atom design and constructs a spectral ensemble dictionary design strategy that incorporates spectral feature fusion. This improves the reconstruction capability of the spectral sparse representation dictionary. The method develops an intelligent recognition strategy based on the spectral sparse approximation error minimization criterion to achieve intelligent diagnosis of test samples health status. The proposed method is validated on a planetary gear transmission fault dataset. Results demonstrate that the intelligent diagnosis method can integrate the advantages of superior diagnostic accuracy, strong noise immunity, high computational efficiency, and robust hyperparameter selection. Its diagnosis results surpass existing advanced methods, showcasing significant application for data-driven intelligent fault diagnosis of industrial equipment.