风-浪-地震联合作用下5 MW OC4半潜式风机动力响应研究

Dynamic response of 5 MW OC4 semi-submersible wind turbine under combined wind-wave-earthquake effects

  • 摘要: 本文基于有限元软件ABAQUS与风电开源仿真工具FAST,开发了一种可同时考虑气动、水动力、伺服控制与地震激励的数值仿真程序ABAQUS-FAST(A-F),用于分析漂浮式风电结构在多重环境荷载共同作用下的动力响应。该方法结合叶素动量理论模拟叶片气动力,基于势流理论评估波浪及地震诱导水动力,利用线性弹簧单元建模静水恢复力同时考虑系泊系统张力特性,全面构建NREL 5MW半潜式漂浮风电系统的多物理场响应模型。研究考虑不同风速、波浪参数及地震动特性变化,探讨了结构各关键部位响应的变化规律。结果表明:风浪荷载是引起平台剧烈振动的主导因素,尤其在运行工况下风速接近额定值时结构响应最为显著;地震则会增强塔顶振动幅值,其中长周期地震因能量集中效应引起的响应更为强烈。此外,风浪荷载的存在可在一定程度上削弱地震对塔顶的振动影响,但地震对系泊系统张力波动的影响依然显著,竖向地震亦激发平台水平方向的附加振动。本研究结果可为漂浮式风电结构的抗灾设计与运行安全评估提供理论支持与技术依据。

     

    Abstract: In this study, a numerical simulation framework named ABAQUS-FAST (A-F) is developed by combining the commercial finite element software ABAQUS with the open-source wind turbine analysis tool FAST. This approach enables the dynamic analysis of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) under the simultaneous influence of aerodynamic loads, hydrodynamic forces, servo control actions, and earthquake excitations. The aerodynamic loads are modeled using blade element momentum (BEM) theory, while wave- and earthquake-induced hydrodynamic forces are evaluated based on potential flow theory. Hydrostatic restoring forces are simulated using linear spring elements, and mooring line behavior is represented with tension-only elements. A detailed numerical model of the NREL 5 MW semi-submersible wind turbine is established to examine the response of key structural components under various environmental loading scenarios, including different wind speeds, wave parameters, and ground motion characteristics. Results show that wind and wave forces are the primary contributors to significant platform motion, particularly near rated wind speed conditions. Earthquake loading intensifies tower-top displacements, with long-period earthquakes inducing stronger responses due to their concentrated energy spectra. Moreover, wind and wave actions can mitigate the earthquake effects on the tower to some extent, while earthquake loading markedly increases mooring line tension variations. Vertical earthquake motion is also found to trigger considerable additional horizontal responses. The outcomes of this work provide a technical reference for the safety assessment and design optimization of FOWTs under multi-hazard conditions.

     

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