Abstract: To clarify the influence of track structure on wheel rail interaction, this study used the Finite Element Method and Thin Plate Theory, considering elastic characteristics of the sleeper and the track slab, and solved the high-frequency response of the two. High-frequency vibration models of ballasted and ballastless tracks for high-speed railways were established based on the transfer matrix method and the theory of discretely supported rail beams. Finally, the high-frequency wheel-rail interaction for both track types was obtained by substituting the wheelset model into a Fourier-series-based wheel-rail interaction model. The results show ballastless tracks exhibit higher peaks for P2-type and multi-wheelset coupling-induced wheel-rail forces than ballasted tracks, while first-order parameter excitation-type wheel-rail forces are lower. These differences arise from the fastening stiffness and the vibration participation of the sleeper. As speed increases, most parameter-excited wheel-rail forces show varying degrees of increase, with gains far exceeding those caused by roughness below 1000 Hz. Parameter-excited wheel-rail forces for ballasted tracks in the 400~1000 Hz band increase significantly more than those for ballastless tracks, whereas the trend is reversed in the 100~400 Hz band. This study quantitatively compared the high-frequency wheel-rail force differences between the two track types and elucidated the underlying mechanisms, thereby providing a basis for further research on wear, noise, and fatigue damage caused by high-frequency interactions.