Abstract: In response to the limitations in the study of impact resistance performance of steam piping systems on ships navigating in ice-covered regions, a steam pipeline design and evaluation strategy based on low-frequency impact load is proposed. A dynamic model of the pipeline is established, considering extreme environmental factors such as propeller blade impact and ice collision. By integrating the application of global impact loads and the transmission of impact forces through supports, an in-depth study of the dynamic response and impact resistance performance of the steam pipeline under extreme operating conditions is conducted. The influence mechanisms of impact direction, waveform characteristics, and excitation amplitude on the pipeline system are elucidated, and the underlying mechanism of the pipeline support structure’s influence on impact load transmission and local response is revealed. The results indicate that the transmission of impact forces through supports exhibits significant local transmission characteristics and stress concentration effects; the energy superposition effect of multi-directional impacts tends to intensify local stress concentration; waveforms with high-frequency energy concentration should be avoided at critical pipeline locations; an increase in impact amplitude enhances the system’s inertial and force transmission effects; stress concentration is more likely to occur at elbows and tees due to changes in geometry and abrupt variations in structural stiffness. The research findings are of great importance for optimizing the design of steam piping systems on ships navigating in ice-covered regions.