Abstract: The development of large-scale modular aerospace equipment such as large-scale Earth observation SAR satellites and space telescopes is urgently needed in China. This article reviews the current research status of the overall design and in-orbit assembly schemes for such aerospace structures. The main problems of the current in-orbit assembly theoretical research and ground test technology are systematically analyzed around the kinetic modeling and analysis, the optimization of the assembly sequence, the integrated control of the attitude-orbit-structure, and the ground test of in-orbit assembly. It systematically analyzes the main problems of current theoretical research and ground test technology of on-orbit assembly. The paper also projects future research directions across six areas: structural-thermal control, electronic integration design methods for large-scale assembled platforms, calibration technology for the combined electromechanical and thermal performance of large-scale space assembly structures, high-precision pose measurement technology for these structures, fully coupled dynamics modeling methods for the in-orbit assembly process of large-scale space structures, and integrated control theories for the assembly process. Additionally, it highlights the need for ground equivalence verification technology for the entire assembly-control-heat dissipation chain of large-scale space structures. The paper provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the research on the on-orbit assembly technology of large space structures in China.